A multi-stakeholder cooperative is owned and governed by two or more groups of stakeholders who are connected to the co-op.
Most cooperatives are owned by a single group, such as customers, workers, or producers. Multi-stakeholder cooperatives bring different groups together so everyone has a voice.
Member groups may include:
- Member groups may include:
- Producers and farmers
- Workers and employees
- Customers and consumers
- Vendors and suppliers
- Investors
- Community organizations
- Other businesses or cooperatives

How it works
Multi-stakeholder cooperatives work by bringing together the people who grow, make, sell, buy, and support a business so they can succeed together.
- Give more people a voice in decision-making
- Build stronger partnerships
- Encourage collaboration
- Share the benefits of success
- Support local communities
- Create stronger, more resilient businesses
Solidarity Model
One type of multi-stakeholder cooperative is called a solidarity cooperative. In this model, workers share ownership with another group, such as customers or producers.
This helps build stronger relationships and ensures that the people who depend on the co-op have a say in its future.
Examples of Multi-stakeholder Cooperatives
Weaver Street Market started in Carrboro, North Carolina, in 1988 and has grown into the largest retail multi-stakeholder cooperative in the United States. Today, it includes four grocery stores, a restaurant, and a food production facility.
What makes Weaver Street Market unique is that ownership is shared by both shoppers and employees. Along with consumer members, workers are also part owners and have a voice in how the co-op is governed. This shared ownership model helps ensure that decisions reflect the interests of both the people who shop there and the people who work there.
Maple Valley Cooperative began in 1991 and transitioned to a cooperative business in 2007. It is known for being an early leader in organic and fair-trade maple syrup production. The co-op brings together more than 30 maple producers from seven states, including Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont. These producers work together to make high-quality certified organic maple products using environmentally responsible practices while ensuring farmers receive fair pay for their work.
The co-op includes five groups of members: producers, customers, investors, vendors, and employees. Its board of directors is made up of seven members who represent these groups fairly, giving different stakeholders a voice in decision-making. Today, Maple Valley is a successful cooperative focused on protecting the environment, strengthening communities, and using cooperation to create benefits for everyone involved.
Wisconsin Food Hub Cooperative
The Wisconsin Food Hub Cooperative (WFHC) is a farmer-led cooperative owned by the producers and the Wisconsin Farmers Union. The WFHC is dedicated to securing the most profitable markets for our producer-members.The hub makes it easy for the retail, institutional, and foodservice sectors to buy locally. The WFHC helps local farmers by providing them with the opportunity, through marketing, sales, aggregation, and logistics, to access wholesale markets they could not access easily before.The WFHC is committed to building an economically sustainable local food network.
Meatsmith Co-op is a producer- and worker-owned meat processing cooperative that promotes the well-being of people, animals and land by providing access to humane on-farm harvest, nose-to-tail butchery, locally produced meats and educational opportunities, all with a focus on fostering the economic growth and resilience of our community.
Resources for Multi-stakeholder Cooperatives
Providing the Right Support: Are the Training Needs of Multi-Stakeholder Cooperatives Unique? UW Center for Cooperatives, 2013.
Guidelines and Sample Bylaw Language for Multi-stakeholder Cooperatives. Cooperative Development Foundation, 2012.
Solidarity as a Business Model: A Multi-Stakeholder Cooperatives Manual. Cooperative Development Center at Kent State University, 2011.
Multi-stakeholder Governance in Cooperative Organizations: Toward a New Framework for Research? Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research, Fall 2011.
A Case Study of the Fifth Season Cooperative: From Inception to Incorporation, Now What? UW Center for Cooperatives, 2010.
